how long is a nascar race how long is a nascar race

The races are split into stages, and points are distributed among the top racers of each stage. Meanwhile, other competitions are so brief that they may be completed in little more than two hours. However, this event does not grant points in the standings and is considered an exhibition event. Why nascar is so popularThe Diversity Of NASCAR Racing. One of the main reasons that NASCAR is so popular is the diversity of events. Large Amount Of Races And Venues. The amount of actual NASCAR races, together with the venues, is another big reason for the popularity of NASCAR racing.Popular With Major Companies. Foreign Drivers And Foreign Manufacturers. There is no time limit on how long a NASCAR race may last. ET (12:30 p.m. local) at Auto Club Speedway. Hendrick the previous two seasons also entered a car in the IMSA sports car series endurance races and in June is going to the 24 Hours of Le Mans as part of a special project with NASCAR. The 2022 NASCAR Cup Series season is (basically) here, and there are a lot of big changes to the schedule, starting with The Clash at The Coliseum on Sunday, Feb. 6 (6 p.m. A NASCAR lap varies in length depending on the size of the racetrack. 12:30 p.m. 41 Stewart-Haas Racing Ford, Ty Dillon, No. ET Clash practice (FS2), 8:30 p.m. The pace lap has two strategic purposes. Well explain the qualifying format in a second, but heres a look at the drivers who are currently vying for a spot in the main event (ordered by car numbers): NASCAR is moving its preseason Clash race to the LA Coliseum, and thats an awesome idea, Heres a breakdown of the complicated qualifying format for The Clash. So, the body cant produce enough urine. For drivers operating the NASCAR next-gen cars to have warm tires to get the traction, you need a great start once the flagman waves the green flag to start the race. The Dodge Daytona was banned for being too good at racing Buddy Baker broke the 200 miles per hour mark on March 24, 1970, at the same Talladega track. Mid-pack play: Brad White one lap remaining. If Busch takes his signature post-victory bow on Sunday, he said it will "check off the last box"in analready illustrious career. How far is Daytona speedway from the ocean? The Henry 180 at Road America is only 45 laps. This track in Ridgeway, Virginia, is the host of the Xfinity 500, which is part of the NASCAR Cup Series Playoffs. Coliseum track being built in a cool 60-second time-lapse video, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy, Ross Chastain, No. 9 Chevrolet on Sunday in place of Elliott. This checkpoint approach was implemented in NASCAR in 2017 and has helped to keep the action interesting while also allowing for additional point scoring for different drivers. NASCAR races have anywhere between 150 and 600 laps. How steep are the banked corners? The Stadium Reviews, LLC Are NASCAR Drivers Allowed To Hit Each Other? How long is the Daytona 500? The premiere race of the NASCAR season always takes place at the Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Fla. Daytona is located on the east coast of Florida: It's 50 miles northeast of Orlando, 90 miles south of Jacksonville and 260 miles north of Miami. Austin, Texass Circuit of The Americas is the second-longest course, just under three and a half miles long. He will miss this weekend's NASCAR race at Las Vegas. I bought my seat just 36 hours before the Dover NASCAR race, and I was lucky to get one of the very last seats in the front stretch. Watkins Glen only saw three NASCAR races until 1986 when Tim Richmond won the first race of NASCAR's proud return to The Glen, but NASCAR's top performers have raced The design of a NASCAR race car is driven by two factors: performance and safety. The amount of banking on a track has an impact on the circuits overall speed and length. The number of laps can vary depending on the length of the circuit. Cmo finaliz la negociacin con Messi, las otras ofertas que tiene y la frase sobre el fichaje de Agero: 5 temas claves que explic Joan Laporta, Por qu la FDA apura la autorizacin en pacientes inmunodeprimidos de la tercera dosis de la vacuna contra el COVID-19, Coronavirus: Argentina super los 5 millones de contagios y los 107 mil muertos, Primate ms pequeo del mundo: fue descubierta en Ecuador una nueva especie. MORE: Why is Donald Trump at the Daytona 500? There are several flags that affect the status of a NASCAR race and the current lap that drivers are on: The shortest lap in an official NASCAR Cup Series race is at Martinsville Speedway, which is a .526-mile oval. This position puts the racer at an advantage. Certain penalties can result in a one-lap deduction. The biggest NASCAR oval is Talladega Superspeedway in Talladega, Alabama. The ideal vehicle delivers the performance needed to win races while protecting the driver in the event of a crash. Enjoy up close access to pre-race activities, including NASCAR Cup Series driver introductions, group performances and signing the Start/Finish line. What is the Difference Between NASCAR and F1? Introducing stages into the racing has helped break up the action into shorter periods over a longer race, which has been successful. 34 Front Row Motorsports Ford, Todd Gilliland, No. The track is one of three superspeedways that host NASCAR Cup Series races: Indianapolis Superspeedway and Talladega Superspeedway are the other circuits. Daytona International Speedway NASCAR Tri-Oval Length 2.5 mi (4.02 km) Turns 4 Banking Turns: 31 Tri-oval: 18 Back straightaway: 2. 11 Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota, Chase Briscoe, No. Longshot play: Noah Gragson (+7500 to win). The race takes approximately 3.5 hours for the Las Vegas is the third race of the season. DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. As the 2021 Daytona 500 was in a rain delay, the race cars sat covered on pit road at Daytona International Speedway. However, some new fans can find it confusing to hear that a race is measured in both laps and miles simultaneously. NASCAR announced that this year's race will be a sellout for the fifth consecutive season. How many laps is the 2021 NASCAR All-Star Race? The 2021 NASCAR All-Star Race will comprise of 6 rounds for a total of 100 laps. 15 laps to begin, 15 laps, another 15 laps, 15 laps, 30 laps and a It is often tricky for stock car drivers to maneuver on such a small track since they repeatedly punch the gas and slam on the breaks. NASCAR Cup Series Race at Daytona RC. We also mentioned that because the cars must travel a greater distance, certain events might take longer than others. NASCAR races can be anything from 130 miles long to 600 miles long depending on the track. Nowadays, the average time of a standard NASCAR race is between 2.5 and 4 hours. However, there are also other races that last for much longer than that. One of the longest NASCAR races was the 1952 Southern 500 at Darlington, which lasted for six hours and forty-two minutes. Other storylines include the start of the final season for one of NASCAR's all-time greats. NASCAR races typically last one and a half an hour to three hours, but they can sometimes be as long as 6 hours depending on delays or issues. 16 Kauzig Racing Chevrolet, Chris Buescher, No. Larson's first championship came in his debut season with Hendrick Motorsports, and it came in dominant fashion: He won 10 races, while no other driver notched more than four victories. The Pala Casino 400 starts at 3:30 p.m. Length: 500 miles; Time (approx. Its even more of a challenge for drivers because it can take longer for them to take a pit stop if theres a problem with their car. The longest lap is at Circuit of the Americas, a 3.426-mile road course in Austin, Texas. The second race of the 2023 NASCAR season is set to take place Sunday at Auto Club Speedway in Fontana, Calif. Daytona is always good for a surprise or two. How long is the Daytona 500? 3 p.m. Stick with us here, Saturday, Feb. 5 The qualifying lap also determines who starts in pole position, which is the inside front row position of the starting grid. During the qualifying session, each driver takes a lap around the track, aiming to achieve the quickest speed. Copyright 2017-2023 Rookie Road Inc. All rights reserved. Suarez hasnt been far behind his teammate Chastain as far as being in contention for wins most weeks, and he flies under the radar as someone who can run well at almost any track. This means the drivers make anywhere from 150 Road America also features an equally short distance during the Xfinity Series. Star NASCAR driver Chase Elliott was injured in Colorado two days before he was to race in the Cup Series in Las Vegas. When compared to other types of motorsport such as Formula Jimmie Johnson, 44, announced in the offseason that the 2020 season will be his last. A lap in NASCAR is when a driver makes one trip around the track; one full circle. During any NASCAR Cup Series race, there are two notable laps that you should pay attention to when watching the race. For example, there are shorter tracks such as Bristol Motor Speedway, which is only 0.533 miles long and the NASCAR race consists of 500 laps. He held the lead with just two laps remaining but ultimately came in second to teammate Denny Hamlin. NASCAR races generally last anywhere from 1.5 to 4 hours, depending on the length of the race, number of laps and track conditions. A driver and their team strategically plan during which laps they will make pit stops to change tires, refuel, and make adjustments to the suspensions and aerodynamic elements. Normal track conditions at a recent Daytona 500 resulted in a total race time of three hours, 26 minutes and 29 seconds for the 500-mile race. Trending up: Christopher Bell (+1200 to win). Founded in 1947 by the late H. Clay Earles, Martinsville Speedway is only track which has hosted NASCAR Cup Series races every year since the divisions inception in 1949. Behind the speedway is is a road rt 400 Beville Rd, it bypasses a great deal of traffic on the main drag. Of the 480 total acres for the speedway facility, 180 make up the infield include 44-acre Lake Lloyd. Allmendinger (+1700 top three,+750 top five, +225 top 10), Noah Gragson (+1700 top three, +750 top five, +250 top 10, Ty Gibbs (+1700 top three, +750 top five, +250 top 10), Ryan Preece (+2800 top three, +1000 top five, +400 top 10), Chris Buescher (+2500 top three, +900 top five, +275 top 10), Aric Almirola (+2500 top three, +900 top five, +300 top 10), Ricky Stenhouse Jr. (+2800 top three, +1000 top five, +400 top 10), Harrison Burton (+5000 top three, +1700 top five, +700 top 10), Justin Haley (+6000 top three, +1800 top five, +650 top 10), Michael McDowell (+7000 top three, +2000 top five, +800 top 10), Corey LaJoie (+7000 top three, +2000 top five, +800 top 10), Todd Gilliland (+10000 top three, +2500 top five, +1200 top 10), J.J. Yeley (+45000 top three, +6000 top five, +5000 top 10), Cody Ware (+45000 top three, +6000 top five, +5000 top 10), Ty Dillon (+20000 top three, +3500 top five, +2500 top 10), B.J. Las Vegas hasnt produced a back-to-back winner since Jimmie Johnson won three consecutive races from 2005-07. As such it may run quite long. "The Great American Race" carries the highest purse in the history of motorsports in 2020 with a total of $23.6 million up for grabs between the 40 drivers. The only rule in NASCAR regarding laps is that there must be enough laps in a race to achieve the goal distance. 78 Live Fast Motorsports Ford, Daniel Surez, No. 5 Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet, Brad Keselowski, No. Stage racing was introduced in 2019. ET, FOX) in Los Angeles. WebHow Much Does A NASCAR Car Cost? The NASCAR race is divided into numerous stages, and the top drivers after each stage are rewarded. Honda CRV TPMS Reset Button Location & How to Reset. Elliott was thought to be an early contender for a seat in the historic entry, but NASCAR has a conflicting race weekend and Elliott has always said he wouldn't miss a Cup race. Johnson's sevenNASCAR Cup championships are tied for the most in thehistory of the sport. Keselowski doesnt have that same equipment with his new Roush team, but theyve been much faster to start 2023 to where he could be a dark horse contender as someone whos won here multiple times. What is the qualifying format for The Clash in 2022? His reply? CLICK HERE to learn more.. Worry-Free Weather Guarantee: If the NASCAR Cup Series race is postponed due to inclement weather and you are unable to make the This new trend in racing is causing a surge in both short and intermediate-sized tracks between 1-1.5 miles long. Construction The top 10 finishers of the first two stages win additional points: The first-place winner earns 10 points, second place nine points, third place eight points and so forth, through 10th place. The noise level at a NASCAR race is thrilling but dangerous. Many races are 500 miles in length, though some are shorter or longer. If the race leaders are approaching a slower car from behind, race officials may compel that car to move over and allow the leaders to overtake, putting the car a lap down. The NASCAR Cup Series will hold its first race at the Nashville Superspeedway on Sunday, June 20. 99 Trackhouse Racing Chevrolet. NASCAR events tend to be longer than other forms of racing, such as Formula 1 and IndyCar. NASCAR superstar Chase Elliott had successful surgery for an unspecified injury to his left leg Friday night, hours after a snowboarding accident in Colorado. Again, the majority of races finish in around two hours, although some can stretch to six hours. NASCAR is back this Sunday with the Daytona 500, signaling the start of the 2022 NASCAR Cup Series season. Or you might also see a car going in reverse if a driver misses his pit crew. WebFor all NASCAR tracks, Road America in Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin, is the longest. WebSunday Pre-Race Pass. This lap can make or break a riders chance of finishing the race in a good ranking. Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, Empower Field at Mile High Stadium Parking, Daytona International Speedway is 2.5 miles long, Talladega Superspeedway is 2.66 miles long, quarter-mile short track at the Clash in the Coliseum, Joey Loganos victory at the Clash an impressive feat. The longest lap in a NASCAR Cup Series race is at Circuit of the Americas, in Austin, Texas. You have permission to edit this article. Due to the length of a NASCAR race, a driver can complete hundreds of laps per race. Elliott's snowboarding accident, however, happened during a physical activity, and it isn't publicly known what he can and can't do under his Hendrick contract. The shortest lap distance on the racing calendar is the quarter-mile short track at the Clash in the Coliseum. Berry is a two-time winner in the Xfinity series at Las Vegas and is the defending Xfinity winner. The winding 3.426-mile road course hosts the EchoPark Automotive Grand Prix, a race that takes 68 laps to complete its 231.88-mile scheduled distance. Question: How Big Is The Daytona 500 Track, When Was Daytona International Speedway Built, Question: What Is Daytona Beach Known For, Quick Answer: Where Is Daytona Beach Located In Florida, Quick Answer: What To See In Daytona Beach Fl, Quick Answer: Who Owns The Streamline Hotel In Daytona Beach, Quick Answer: How Many Fans Does Daytona International Speedway Hold, Quick Answer: What Is The Biggest Nascar Race, How Far Is Daytona Beach From South Beach Miami. 229 Washington Street, Suite 306 Typically, no. In addition, there are many rules with which drivers and teams must comply. However, one of the biggest challenges of racing has nothing to do with life and death; it has to do with their ability to relieve themselves. 43 Petty GMS Racing Chevrolet, Ricky Stenhouse Jr., No. The races are divided into stages, with points awarded to the top racers in each stage. When was the first race at Phoenix Raceway run? First is the pace lap, or practice lap, which happens during the pre-race festivities. NASCAR broke ground on construction in late December, and over the last several weeks, the inside of the stadium was converted into an asphalt track made specifically for this NASCAR race. The budget for maintaining a full-fledged NASCAR team can exceed 20 Picking the winner could prove challenging once again, but weve picked five drivers that offer value to go to victory lane since its smart to have multiple dogs in the fight with even the chalk favorites odds being long. 17 Roush Fenway Keselowski Racing Ford, Kyle Busch, No. https://ftw.usatoday.com/lists/nascar-clash-los-angeles-coliseum-channel-qualifying-format. The average speed to complete a lap is around 200 miles per hour, but this number can be higher or lower depending on the size and shape of the racetrack. Next, it allows the drivers to warm up their tires ahead of the start. This usually happens when there has been an accident on the track, and the debris needs to be cleared before racing can continue. 8 Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet, Chase Elliott, No. Uruguay: Sepa cmo es y a quin abarca el plan de refinanciacin de deudas de DGI con beneficios, Diferencias entre dosis, efectos adversos, tomar alcohol: dudas frecuentes sobre las vacunas. Additional "stages" wereintroduced to record points at multiple checkmarks throughout the race. Question: How Long Is The Daytona Race Track. How long is the Daytona 500? This can result in a one-lap penalty, meaning the driver gets docked a lap and must make it up. Drivers go around the track 200 times, covering 2.5 miles with each lap, before arriving at a grand total of 500 miles. NASCAR's 75th-anniversary season is off and running, and the third race on the NASCAR schedule will take place Sunday when the 2023 Pennzoil 400 is held at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. At Daytona 500 media day on Wednesday, Busch was asked who the best driver in NASCAR is. 19 Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota, Christopher Bell, No. This can happen if there is a problem with the brakes or tires, and the teams need to make repairs. La movilidad, el ritmo de la campaa de vacunacin y el cumplimiento o no de las medidas del gobierno, fueron algunos de los temas evaluados por los ms de 50 mdicos, cientficos e ingenieros, entre otros profesionales que asesoran al gobierno. Because this changes between venues, there can be a significant disparity in the number of laps from one race to another. In a traditional NASCAR race, the length of one trip around the race track can be anywhere from a quarter-mile to four miles long. On the other hand, the CDC says the noise level could cause long-term hearing damage. The starting order for this is based on finishing positions from the heats. So the longest is the coca cola 600 and the shortest, usually, are The remaining drivers from the first and third heats will be in the first last-chance race, while those from the second and fourth heats will be in the second last-chance race. Home Travel Question: How Long Is The Daytona Race Track. The race is considered official after the first two stages are complete and 120 laps are reached. Hendrick gave no additional details about Elliott's condition or the accident. The injury comes at a time when Hendrick dramatically shifted his stance on extracurricular activities. 0W20 vs 0W30 Oil: Whats the Difference and Which Is Better? Similarly, the Bass Pro Shops Race Night at Bristol Motor Speedway also has 500 laps for just over 260 miles of racing. 1 Pullman in a 67-55 loss in the opening round of the 2A State tournament. 3 p.m. NBC. Only 33 mushers will participate in the cer, Colton Herta was thought to be headed to Formula One until he couldn't receive the license needed to compete. WebFinal Lap. Por otro lado, a casi un ao de ser convocados por el gobierno, los integrantes del GACH tambin coincidieron en que deben seguir asesorando en sus respectivos temas al Poder Ejecutivo: El planteo es seguir aportando todo lo que se pueda, seal al respecto alguien que particip de la reunin en declaraciones a El Pas. 20 Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota, Harrison Burton, No. The lower-tier Xfinity series last raced there in 2011. Can I Use H-Rated Tires Instead of V-Rated Tires? He won the second NASCAR Cup Series of his career and joinedJimmie Johnson as the only active drivers with multiple championships. With so many potential race lengths, it makes sense that the racing organization would allow for different lap counts during each event. Daytona 500 NASCAR Cup Series Location Daytona Beach, Florida, United States First race 1959 Distance 500 mi (800 km) Laps 200 Stages 1/2: 65 each Final stage: 70. 9 Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet, Aric Almirola, No. Luckily, like those on Fox or NBC, most broadcasts will make it easy to see how many laps are remaining in a race, so you never miss the heart-pounding action on the final lap as drivers race for the checkered flag. Points wouldn't just be awarded for how drivers finished. Kids also camp for FREE all week. Many race tracks are designed to hit the exact goal distance in a specific number of laps. A race is divided up into stage one, stage two, and a final stage. Less than a Another factor that can cause delays in a NASCAR race is the need for a safety car period. But that only equals 22 total drivers in the main event. 1 Pullman in a 67-55 loss in the opening round of the 2A NASCAR is back this Sunday with the Daytona 500, signaling the start of the 2022 NASCAR Cup Series season. It should be no surprise to even the casual NASCAR fan that each race has a different number of laps. Elliott is a second-generation driver and the son of NASCAR Hall of Famer Bill Elliott. That was back when Las Vegas had just one Cup Series race. Chase Elliott greets fans during driver introductions before the NASCAR Daytona 500 auto race at Daytona International Speedway on Feb. 19. 4:10 p.m. For all NASCAR tracks, Road America in Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin, is the longest. Outside of owning this sports website, I also run my own SEO consulting agency, TM Blast LLC. NASCAR is reserving the final spot for the driver with the highest finish in the 2021 points standings who did not otherwise advance to The Clash. There is usually a set criteria for drivers and teams to meet in order to be eligible for The Clash, but this year is different. This event is held on Memorial Day weekend and consists of 400 laps for a total of 600 miles. The pole position starts the race first and has a better chance of maintaining a leading rank throughout the race. Cavin H The 2023 NASCAR Cup Series continues its west coast swing and heads to Las Vegas for whats normally a race where the favorites prevail, but last seasons spring race bucked that trend. That was back when Las Vegas had just one Cup Series race. Suarez finished in the top five last week and at last years Las Vegas fall race, so he appears to be on the cusp of taking the next step. Bell was working his way up through the field last week before a crash took him out of contention, and he was fast here at Las Vegas last season before similar misfortune struck. Drivers perform a qualifying lap to determine the starting positions for a NASCAR race. Cavin H Gragson filled in for Alex Bowman in the fall race here last season and performed admirably, as he nearly recorded a top 10 and was also able to finish second in both Las Vegas Xfinity Series races. Basically, a charter is an agreement between NASCAR and a set number of teams that says those teams will show up to race in the sport for as long as the agreement stands. With expensive costs stemming from equipment, repair, and maintenance, teams will spend an average of $15 million per car during the course of Team owner Rick Hendrick told The Associated Press that Elliott was "just out of surgery" and "it went well." ET and will be on FOX, while FS1 and FS2 will cover practice and single-car qualifying but more on that below. How long is the Daytona 500 race in hours? He lost a split decision Sunday night to Tommy Fury in, The second half-century for the world's most famous sled dog race is getting off to a rough start. If they deem it too dangerous, then the race may be red-flagged and called off altogether. At the end of a 3.5 hour race, the drivers have aged about 0.5 nanoseconds less than the spectators who stayed still. Copyright 2023 Sporting News Holdings Limited. Gatorade has a hydration system in the cars that keep fluids cold for drivers. He will miss this weekend's NASCAR race at R.A. Long squandered a 17-point first-half lead against No. 14 Stewart-Haas Racing Ford, Ryan Preece, No. Kyle Larson takes pole position getting a shot to defend against the field as the reigning NASCAR Cup Series champion. My goal is to visit every MLB ballpark and I'm halfway there! Some racetracks have steeper banking which results in faster speeds and quicker lap times. Many fans flock to shorter races because its easier to see all the action from their place in the stands. MORE: NASCAR schedule 2023: Date, time, TV channels for every Cup Series race Chase Elliott injury update Elliott will miss Sunday's Pennzoil 400 at Las Another factor that can cause delays in a NASCAR race is if there are safety concerns with the cars. Since 1982, the Daytona 500 signals the official start to eachnew NASCAR season. Almost all motorsport federations offer a pre-race lap, called a parade lap or formation lap in other divisions. Mid-pack play: Brad Keselowski (+4000 to win) And the rest of the fields for each heat will be similarly set. Kevin Harvick (6) Aug. 16. Youth Tickets. This happened in the 2016 Brickyard 400 when a large piece of metal flew onto the track and caused a major crash. A random draw decides the order of cars for the qualifying lap. The 2022 NASCAR Cup Series season is (basically) here, and there are a lot of big changes to the schedule, starting with The Clash at The Coliseum on Sunday (6 p.m. The race has been held every February since 1959 at the Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida, and it consists of 200 laps around a 2.5-mile (4-km) tri-oval track. So he instead signed a four-year, Fernando Alonso started his Formula One career 22 years ago and began this season with two strong practices on opening day of the Bahrain Gran. This can cause the race to go on for much longer than originally planned. The average NASCAR race is about 300 miles long, which means that it consists of about 120 laps. These cars arent just for looks; at times, theyll need to move around the track or even at their corporate headquarters. The Next Gen car will also debut at The Clash. For example, in the 2014 Daytona 500, there was a massive crash on Lap 198 that involved about 20 cars. When racing at 200 mph, music would be too distracting. To understand why NASCAR races have to be this long, you first need to know that NASCAR is not all Dale Earnhardt Jr. Dale Earnhardt Jr. earns the ranking of the wealthiest NASCAR driver, with an estimated net worth of $300 million. The banking is so effective that you could take a corner at Daytona at 140 mph even if the track were completely covered in ice. First of all, drivers pee before the race and they use salt tablets to dehydrate. The race was then put under a red flag, and the safety car came out for about 20 laps. Larson runs at small tracks all over the country and persuaded Hendrick not to force him to quit. For the Daytona 500 in 2020, the top 10 drivers after laps 65 and 130, as well as the end of the race,will also be awarded points that are collected toward a push for the playoffs. NASCAR has granted waivers to drivers for a variety of medical and non-medical reasons. "He's spoken with several members of our team and is understandably disappointed to miss time in the car. NASCAR races generally last anywhere from 1.5 to 4 hours, depending on the length of the race, number of laps and track conditions. Because there are so many changes to NASCAR this season, were helping you keep track and breaking down everything you need to know about The Clash at The Coliseum. At the end of each stage, racing pauses and then restarts. Technically, Daytona is a tri-oval speedway with its sharpest turns having a banking of 31 degrees.